According to Jean Bodin, sovereignty is “absolute and perpetual power of a republic”; and sovereign is who has the power of decision, of giving without receiving other laws. -Resume Sovereignty lawyer Jorge Machicado- is the political will that has a people with a right to make decisions to determine, demonstrate, and make decisions independent of outside powers.
Even so The State Constitution (CPE) in its seventh article establishes that sovereignty resides in the Bolivian people and is exercised directly; is inalienable, indefeasible, indivisible, inalienable and non-delegable, and she emanates the functions and powers of public authority.
The technology is defined as the set of knowledge and techniques, applied orderly and logical manner, enable humans to modify their material or virtual environment to meet their needs, that is, a combined process of thought and action in order to create useful solutions.
Therefore, in a first approach, one can say that technological sovereignty is the exercise of sovereign authority of the Bolivian people on the set of technological knowledge to enable you to produce any virtual or real object to meet the needs of the population.
On the technological sovereignty in the field of software, Ramon Ramon writes: “it is the State that has control of technology, not technology or applications (made by companies) those with state control. ” Therefore, “the programs, applications, technologies, etc., must be at the service of citizens and states, not vice versa.”
Under these concepts, we should analyze the technological sovereignty framed in science and innovation, considering that the process of development of a society that before depended largely on human labor today day increasingly associated to different areas of technology. In the process of building technological sovereignty in the Plurinational State of Bolivia can be analyzed two cases:
Software. When the use of proprietary software is promoted, the society must question from the transfer of the management of information and communication technologies, information systems, to third countries through its software companies and the loss of control over data . sensitive state
Therefore, a measure of technological sovereignty is the use of free software, characterized by the four freedoms: 1) freedom to run the program for any purpose; 2) The freedom to study how the program and the ability to adapt according to user needs (access to program source code is a precondition for this) works; 3) the freedom to distribute copies as an act of solidarity with others; and 4) the freedom to improve the program, and release those improvements, so the whole community benefits.
As a state policy to support the use of free software, it has a broad regulatory structure that extends from the Telecommunications Law and Information and Communication Technologies (Act 164), supreme decrees until the 2514 regulatory Decree that creates the Agency of Electronic Government and Information and Communication Technologies (AGETIC), a body that has among its tasks the implementation of plans of migration to free software.
Scientific Citadel. Scientific research requires specialized structures, one of which is the Scientific Citadel; to write about the importance of this undertaking must define some concepts: research is a process by applying the scientific method seeks information to understand, verify, correct or apply knowledge.
Scientific research is organized search for knowledge or solutions to scientific problems; the method indicates the path that has to move in that investigation and the techniques needed how to follow it.
Basic research is characterized as part of a theoretical framework and remains in him; the aim is to formulate new theories or modify existing ones, to increase the scientific and philosophical knowledge, but contrast them with any practical aspect.
Applied research, characterized by the pursuit of application or use of the knowledge acquired. Applied research is closely associated with basic research, it depends on the results and progress of the latter.
About Alvaro Arnez, Deputy Minister of Industrialization of Scientific Hydrocarbons Citadel writes that will “research laboratories in technological application areas in Bolivia, as (being) the exploration of hydrocarbons, petrochemicals, telecommunications, mining, medicine, evaporite resources, etc., and a business incubator to promote scientific findings at the enterprise level, coordinating with strategic state enterprises. “
Therefore, it is expected that the Scientific Citadel become a major accelerator of basic and applied research with business and industry, if is added to the process of technological sovereignty, the conditions for its own technological development of Bolivia reports.
Technology Unit. It is one of opposites concepts to technological sovereignty, can bring the case to the industrialization of lithium, limited initiative poles foreign research, which require payment for the use of patent knowledge to industrialize that commodity and oblige the State to disburse enormous resources to generate its own technology
On the subject, says Luis Arce, current Minister of Economy and Public Finance. “The technological sovereignty is key to a country, produces technology (in) Europe and countries like China, Japan, the United States, where small states are makers of technology. You can not talk about a release if there is a technological liberation “and continues,” Bolivia has many natural resources, but are dependent on technology to explore and exploit. “
Now The realization of technological sovereignty requires a change in the collective thinking of society, to assume the task of short and medium-term transition based on primary export pattern to a knowledge-based economy economy.
This change demands as initial task (among others), improving the educational system in general and particularly in the public and private university system, so that its goals include training research scientists with high international standard management capabilities in research and development and innovation.
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